Spatial Light Modulators: Processing Light in Real Time

Improvements in spatial light modulators (SLMs) are expanding their applications. Barbier and Moddel describe how SLMs work and provide insight into the latest SLM applications.

by Pierre R. Barbier and Garret Moddel

Strategies Toward Sub-0.25 µm Lithography

Bruce Smith discusses various issues relating to sub-0.25 µm lithography, including source wavelength, illumination, masking, and materials.

by Bruce W. Smith

Optical Information Processing for Encryption and Security Systems

This article provides a discussion of new optical information processing techniques for encryption, security, and anti-counterfeiting that have been shown to perform well for a variety of problems and applications.

by Bahram Javidi

A Different Kind of Kaleidoscope

Most kaleidoscopes work by forming multiple reflections, at various orientations, of a pattern at their input surface. Described here is a kaleidoscope, in which the entrance is uniformly illuminated, and a pattern results from changes in polarization produced by the reflections themselves. One form consists of four pieces of front surface mirror combined to give a square internally reflecting tube.

by Douglas S. Goodman